folder = directory
structure of terminal : ali@godzilla:/Desktop/inoi$
ali
is the name of user.
godzilla
is the name of computer.
being #
means you are administrator(Root User) and $
means you are a normal user. you can Become Root user using sudo -s
and exit this mode by exit
command.
/
means that we are browsing in root directory
~
means that we are browsing in /home/user_name/
and it always stands for /home/user_name/
.
Note : what #
does in terminal ? it works like //
in C Plus Plus and if you type it before your command it will skip it and do nothing.
pwd
:
how to find the full address of directory we are already in.
ls
:
shows all available folders and files in current directory.
cd
:
is for changing folder. it has four modes. one is go to parent directory. two is to go to a subdirectory (the folder which is in our directory). three is to go to a given path like /home/mhd/cpp_codes
. fourth is just .
which just don’t go to any folder and stays in current folder. the fourth may sounds stupid but it has it’s own usages.
go to parent directory : cd ..
go to subdirectory : cd Folder_name
go to given path : cd folder_path
go to current folder : cd .
folder path or file path can be reached with two modes.
think we want to access a file like /home/user/Desktop/inoi/code.cpp
first is Absolut which means we should type full path for example : cd /home/user/Desktop/inoi/code.cpp
or cd ~/Desktop/inoi/code.cpp
the second way is Relative and it depends on our current directory for example we are in directory desktop
then we just need to type inoi/code.cpp
tip 1 : if you type cd
without dot(s) it will do cd ~
.
tip 2 : if you type cd -
it will go to previous folder that we were at it.
touch
:
makes a file. for example : touch cod.cpp
makes an empty cod.cpp
file.
if we don’t give a format to out file it will be just a file and you can open it with code editor.
what does touch a b c
do? it will make three files named a
, b
and c
.
rm
:
rm stands for remove. and it can delete a file or directory. for example : rm code.cpp
rm *.cpp
: this will delete all files named anything and their format is cpp. *
stands for anything.
the rm can not delete directory by default for example we have a directory sample
and we can’t remove it with command : rm sample
so we should use rm -r sample
then it will remove folder and all it’s contents. Just take a look at rm
syntax with man rm
command.
mv
:
mv stands for Move. actually it renames a file name. for example we have a file named x.cpp
and we want to rename it to y.cpp
and syntax is : mv File File_New_Name
. for example : mv x.cpp y.cpp